La Scozia si sta riprendendo le fonti energetiche rinnovabili
Scozia, spesso chiamata la "Arabia Saudita delle rinnovabili", sta facendo progressi nel suo obiettivo di diventare un leader nell'energia rinnovabile. Con le sue abbondanti risorse naturali e obiettivi ambiziosi, il paese mira a fornire il 50% della sua domanda totale di energia per elettricità, riscaldamento e trasporti da fonti rinnovabili entro il 2030.
Tuttavia, l'ultimo Piano sul Cambiamento Climatico della Scozia, aggiornato a dicembre 2020, non si è ancora materializzato, sollevando preoccupazioni sul progresso del paese. Il governo scozzese, sotto la guida del Primo Ministro Humza Yousaf, nominato nel 2024, sta lavorando per affrontare questo problema.
Yousaf, che ha promesso di non ritardare rispetto agli obiettivi del 2045, ha presentato piani per aumentare la capacità eolica offshore della Scozia a 42 GW nei prossimi 10-15 anni. Questo obiettivo ambizioso è parte di una strategia più ampia per la transizione della Scozia a emissioni nette zero.
Despite these efforts, Scotland faces challenges in key devolved areas such as heating, transport, agriculture, and land use. Several key policies, including the Heat in Buildings bill, the route map to reduce car kilometres by 20 percent, and changes to the farm support system, have been delayed.
In April 2024, the Scottish government announced plans to remove the 2030 climate change target to reduce emissions by 75% from the 1990 baseline, moving to a system of five-yearly carbon budgets instead. This shift in approach is intended to provide a more flexible framework for achieving Scotland's climate goals.
Scotland's commitment to addressing climate change is not new. The country was the first government to commit funds to addressing the irreversible impact of climate change. Renewable technologies in Scotland generated the equivalent of 113% of its overall electricity consumption in 2022, a testament to the country's renewable energy success.
The Orkney Islands in Scotland host the European Marine Energy Centre, an internationally renowned facility for prototype testing. Scotland is also home to the world's first community-owned tidal array, the first floating offshore wind farm, and one of Europe's largest hydrogen bus fleets.
In the realm of oil and gas, the Scottish National Party, led by Yousaf and his deputy, Kate Forbes, is not opposed to new licences in the North Sea under certain conditions. This stance reflects the delicate balance between Scotland's traditional energy sources and its renewable energy ambitions.
Looking ahead, Yousaf has highlighted the potential for a green hydrogen sector in Scotland, stating that it could support up to 300,000 jobs and add up to £25 billion to Scotland's gross value added by 2045. Transitioning to net zero will cost the Scottish government, on average, an additional £1.1 billion per year, according to the Scottish Fiscal Commission.
Scotland's climate action is not without its critics. Previously, eight out of 12 annual emissions targets had been missed in Scotland, with critics suggesting that wider plans are 'beyond what is credible.' However, with a clear and realistic plan, a political apparatus oriented towards long-term thinking, and independent scrutiny from bodies like Scotland's Just Transition Commission, Scotland continues to strive towards its renewable energy and climate goals.
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